(ISC)2 Certified in Cybersecurity Practice Exam

Which type of malicious software locks files or screens, preventing access until a ransom is paid?

1. Adware

2. Spyware

3. Ransomware

4. Trojan Horse

The correct answer is: Ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malicious software specifically designed to inhibit access to files or systems by encrypting them or locking the user out of their device. Once the attack is successful, the ransomware typically demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key or to restore access. This financial incentive is one of the primary characteristics that differentiate ransomware from other forms of malware. Adware focuses on displaying advertisements on a user's device, often without their consent, while spyware is designed to stealthily gather information about a user and their activities without their knowledge. A Trojan Horse, on the other hand, masquerades as legitimate software but carries malicious intent, often delivering different types of malware once executed. Thus, ransomware is uniquely positioned as the malware that directly demands a ransom to restore access, making it the correct answer in this scenario.