Which hashing algorithm is known for being utilized in cryptographic applications?

Choosing an option that includes both MD5 and SHA-2 accurately reflects the fact that both algorithms have historically been used in various cryptographic applications.

MD5, although considered weak due to vulnerabilities that allow for collision attacks, was widely adopted for integrity checks, digital signatures, and other cryptographic uses in the past. However, due to its security flaws, its use in new applications is generally discouraged today.

SHA-2, on the other hand, is a more robust family of hashing algorithms that includes SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512. It is extensively utilized in security protocols and applications, such as SSL/TLS certificates, digital signatures, and data integrity verification, due to its enhanced security features compared to its predecessors.

Although MD5 is outdated and not recommended for secure applications today, its prior prevalence in cryptographic systems justifies its inclusion alongside SHA-2 as both have been utilized in cryptographic contexts.