What term describes a weakness in an information system that can be exploited by a threat source?

The term that describes a weakness in an information system that can be exploited by a threat source is "vulnerability." Vulnerabilities represent specific flaws or gaps in security measures that could be taken advantage of by malicious actors or various threat sources. For instance, an outdated software application that has not been patched can create an entry point for attackers, thereby highlighting the significance of addressing vulnerabilities to enhance an organization's security posture.

The understanding of this definition is fundamental in cybersecurity as it lays the groundwork for a broader risk management approach. By identifying and assessing vulnerabilities, organizations can subsequently implement appropriate controls and mitigations to reduce the likelihood of exploitation.

While terms like malware, threat, and risk are related to cybersecurity, they do not specifically capture the concept of a weakness within a system that can be exploited. Malware refers to malicious software designed to harm or exploit systems; a threat represents any potential danger or negative event that could cause harm; and risk refers to the potential for loss or damage when a threat exploits a vulnerability. In contrast, vulnerability specifically points to the underlying weakness itself. This distinction is crucial for effective cybersecurity practices.